Disabled Student Development Essay

With the increasing information available in today’s 21st century education, administrators and educators must constantly strive to find ways to increase facilitation that can cultivate the needed skills and provide holistic development. At the same time, this endeavor must include disabled students who relentlessly try to cope with the standards of University education. Under this process, actors involved must look into actions provide that can cater to active content collaboration and promote standards of administration and interaction to the educational environment. In this context, the success of this endeavor must revolve around the collaboration of active parties namely (1) the state and government, (2) university, (3) parents and (4) community. Given this responsibility, it is essential that each actor become actively involved in the endeavor of reaching out and improving the welfare of special students within the campus environment. There should be active and available mechanisms that can incorporate lessons learned and cater to their needs not only with the academic but also in the interpersonal realm. Important Frameworks and Mechanisms for Change Recognizing the role of every actor in disabled education, there had been significant efforts to provide the needed new provisions and principles that see to it that these students get the most out of their education. This means that there have been numerous initiatives that have been implemented to adhere to the current needs of disabled students. Looking at it, the statistics showed a greater percentage of disabled students who have been reported to be undertaking higher education. It is said that â€Å"there are more students with documented disabilities in higher education than ever before — 140,142 freshmen reported having a disability in 1996† (Thomas, 2000, p. 1). Also, it is important to note that â€Å"there are 43 million Americans with disabilities, over 4 million students in the public school system have been identified as entitled to legal protection, and there are over 1. 5 million colleges students with disabilities on our campuses† (Lissner, 2003, p. 1). That is why there has been a renewed commitment to look into ways of improving the facilitation and instruction of disabled students. To supplement this endeavor, the state has enacted several laws that cater to the needs of the disabled. For example, the creation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is one important element that protects the welfare of disabled students. Under this framework, it â€Å"requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs† (United States Department of Justice, 2006, p. 1). This then enabled the creation of several programs and initiatives that will adhere to the IDEA and ADA standards to help these individuals actively cope with instruction and still achieve learning despite these setbacks (King, 2006). Moreover, the creation of these frameworks have also placed the importance of other actors in the pursuing the objectives towards change and improvement Hindrances to Disabled Education Though there had been significant improvements in the way disabled education is facilitated, there continues to be setbacks as far as implementation and practice is concerned. One important element to note is the lack of commitment by educational institutions to bridge the tenets of a particular law towards application. This can be particularly observed from the educators and instructors who engage in such interaction. â€Å"Over the years, there has been considerable resistance by professors to alter the way they instruct, particularly if such alteration were to accommodate a student with a mental, as compared to a physical, disability† (Thomas, 2000, p. 1). Another setback towards effective application is the lack of appropriate funding to continuously support initiatives to improve and develop new programs for disabled students. Likewise, the increasing cost is a growing concern because of the increasing number of these students, the ratio among facilitators/administrators becomes huge. This means that the educational institution has to settle for lower standards in providing the needs of disabled students and come up with a compromise that would be beneficial for both parties (Thomas, 2000). In the end, these hindrances to disabled education must be taken into consideration to promote and foster improved capabilities of institutions and other important actors the needs of these students. By allowing institutions and perceptions about the issues to change, there can be more avenues wherein these students can tap into their individual potential and contribute further in their chosen professional careers. II. Description of the Project Operating on the standards set by the state concerning special education, this project is geared towards increasing the possibility and chances of these students achieving and actively competing with normal students as far as academic requirements are concerned. This program shall revolve around the capability of organizers to carry out support mechanisms that will intensify special student participation within the objectives and goals of the University. Such support arm shall be administered by providing bursaries to qualified individuals with the overall intention of shouldering the relative costs associated with special education. The objectives are as follows: †¢ Reach out to the needs of special students by providing financial assistance through bursaries to help these individuals adhere to the rising cost of University education †¢ Effectively appropriate the necessary funds to allocate on vital programs that are essential in the promotion of holistic growth of special students in the different specializations it wishes to study. †¢ Administering new support measures that will not only financially sustain the areas of study but also incorporate new arenas wherein special students can learn and function accordingly compared to normal University students †¢ Look for potential benefactors that will help provide the needed budget to help shoulder the cost of qualified individuals who have shown potential in providing the needed boost both in the academic and social realm. †¢ Carry out the responsibilities and end goals associated in the promotion and provision of the proposed program. Seeing this, the creation of end goals is also necessary so that potential donors and benefactors can actively decipher the overall capability of the program to function and meet its prescribed objectives. The inclusion of this agenda wishes to ensure that the overall initiative remains accountable and responsible in areas such as (1) monitoring, (2) administration and implementation and (3) feedbacks. Such processes can then give the proposal increased credibility and help sustain the elements necessary to bridge the gap between University education and its associated costs. This in turn can help special students feel competitive towards their counterparts and help meet the challenges of 21st century education. The following end goals are as follows: †¢ Provide bursaries to qualified special students in different specializations and foster the increasing diversity in University education †¢ Allow special students to learn and be educated without having to endure the burden of associated costs surrounding their respective education †¢ Help influence the community in carrying out better programs that will can help and generate changes in the way special education is practiced and facilitated †¢ Encourage new investments that will help further the cause of the proposed program †¢ Open up areas for cooperation and collaboration among the academic community and professional community by providing feedbacks and responses which can serve as measurement of its overall capability to apply its objectives in real scenarios. III. Projected Benefits and Results This section shall look into the projected benefits this program can provide special students and other actors involved. Since this agenda is geared towards giving opportunities for financial support, it is also necessary to outline the potential advantages this proposal can give to other concerned members particularly (1) parents, (2) the educational institution and (3) the community. By being able to draw out these inferences, the overall viability and feasibility of the program can be outlined and deciphered accordingly. Special Students Giving out bursaries for qualified special students is a good initiative toward widening the helping them out reach their potential. Since the impediments in pursuing the preferred profession revolves around physical disability and associated costs, special students find it difficult to cope with the standards of the educational community and opt to choose courses that is more suitable to their status. However, by giving them bursaries, it can help motivate individuals to persevere and struggle for acceptance because one obstacle is taken away from them. Likewise, the stress incurred because of costs in education are eliminated which helps students focus more on what is necessary. In here, they can actively start and provide the necessary goals that can harness increased achievement and competency in areas each one wishes to specialize. This then can allow them to focus more on what is necessary in obtaining their degrees and help them integrate it towards the realities in life. Parents This initiative is also an important boost for parents of special students. This is because it can alleviate them of the burden of having to shoulder all the necessary cost associated with special education. It can be argued that through the years, the expense of sending a disabled student to a University has been gradually increasing (refer to table 1). With this proposed program, parents can eliminate the stress associated with increasing cost and focus on their child’s educational development. Moreover, this initiative can help aide parents in better understanding the needs of their disabled children. This can encourage them to play a more responsible role in making sure that their children obtain the optimum amount of information necessary to make them competent and adhere to educational standards. Thus, this practice can help intensify the effort to increase proficiency and cultivate the potential of special students in University Education. Educational Institution Another important actor that can benefit from the proposed program is educational institution. Under this area, the University/College can help eliminate the relevant costs associated with special education and allocate it towards the expansion of content delivery and instruction among students and areas that need it the most. Like parents, there has been a considerable increase associated with helping disabled children cope up with the prescribed state and district standards (refer to table 2). This setback can in turn result to programs being implemented at its minimum level because of the many principles and guidelines it has to adhere. By taking away some costs associated with education, learning programs for disabled students can be maximized and implemented accordingly. This is an important area to consider because it can allow both educators and administrators to transcend with the needs of these students. Likewise, it can incorporate new methods and practices that can help boost and initiate the required elements in fostering not only student needs but also in adhering to the University’s vision and objectives. Community The incorporation of this proposed program has also relevant advantages towards the community wherein these disabled children belong. By allowing this initiative to function accordingly, it can generate the needed consensus among its members that help can be administered provided that a good proposal is given. This means that the community is committed towards its goals of increasing new avenues for development and harmonizes efforts in enhancing community building measures. In addition, the community is seen as an important actor in this agenda because they can serve as the main contributors in alleviating the costs associated with special education. By encouraging benefactors to actively invest in the process, not only shall they be serving the needs of these disabled students but also foster the required motivation for others to follow as well. Thus, these processes can encourage an open awareness and increase the possibility of finding tools to bring about change. IV. Pre-Application: Contributions and Funding To actively incorporate the needed objectives and goals of this program, the members shall serve as an intermediary for potential donors and contributors who wish to provide the necessary funding to support the programs’ overall initiatives. This means encouraging different sectors in the industry to actively invest in this agenda as a form of marketing strategy to help boost sales. Likewise, this is another way of tapping into several potentials in the University which they deem provide greater opportunities for their growth and sustenance. Likewise, local and district agencies shall also be requested to contribute a certain amount to help incorporate and pursue the objective of intensifying their efforts to reach out to the needs of disabled students. Their help can facilitate better avenues for achievement and growth within the University. Moreover, this can adhere to their strategy of bringing out the best out of each disabled student and harness the elements necessary for cultivation and growth. Lastly, civic groups are also welcome to carry out their volunteer work and encourage lobbying among state legislators to actively support the endeavor. In this process, they can act both as mediators and promoters of this proposed agenda. Our group shall actively coordinate with interested parties who wish to share their time and effort in catering to the needs of our target population. V. Application of the Program After establishing the required objectives and end goals, this proposed program shall now outline several parameters of its application and the areas of qualification that will induce the objectives given. At the same time, this section shall cover the screening process wherein the process of selection among potential candidates shall be highlighted. This is essential because it can help provide transparency and honesty in the way each candidate shall be judged. Lastly, a detailed budget plan shall be incorporated to help better understand the areas of support. This in turn shall help applicants who wishes to apply comprehend on the scope and limitations of such initiative. Qualifications and Screening A. Preliminary Phase Under the qualifications area, for the disabled student to be actively included in the screening process, there are several criteria to be followed. In this manner, this can help ensure that the committee-in-charge can actively judge who can go on to the next step of the screening process. The following qualifications must be shown together with corresponding documents: †¢ Official records coming from a medical professional concerning the disability of the student †¢ Classroom observations from educators and parent observations concerning a particular disability exhibited by the applicant †¢ Finished instructional materials with feedbacks and recommendations from qualified professionals who oversaw the process of facilitation under the mandate of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, State Education Agencies and Local Agencies (NIMAS, 2008). B. Interview Phase In this area, those individuals who qualify in the preliminary phase shall now be scheduled for an interview wherein the grant committee shall get to know the candidate a little bit more. In this process, the overall goal and intention is not to check the capability and experience of the person but rather check whether his vision and goals coincides with what the proposed program believes in. In addition, the interviewers wish to find out whether these disabled students can actively promote and seek out the needed areas for their personal improvement and growth. C. Processing and Implementation The last part involves informing of short listed applicants that they have been successfully chosen to be given bursaries on their preferred program. In here, they shall be given a formal orientation of how the overall process works and what areas shall be covered by the proposed initiative. At the same time, the required standards and expectations the plan entails on these students e. g. average grade minimum, amount of coverage, allowances, etc. This shall then be actively coordinated with the University/College a particular disabled student is attending and implementation shall be administered upon approval and verification of notice.

Fashion Industry

Pakistani fashion industry has grown by leaps and bounds in last twelve to fifteen years. Many famous fashion designers are working in this field and contributing their work to the progress of the industry. With opening of the new institutes and fashion schools our industry has found new horizon with new talent pouring in. As Pakistani fashion industry has many talented and creative fashion designers. Every fashion designer has new and creative ideas which make them distinguish from each other.Famous Pakistani fashion designers names are Ammar Belal, Nomi ansari, karma, Lajwanti, khaddar, Asifa and Nabeel, Sobia Nazeer, HSY, Maria B, Bee jees and more. And I selected two designers for my case study, Ammar Bellal and Tazeen Hasan. Ammar Bellal is basically my inspiration in this case study; he is doing a lot of work on men's wear. Like other Pakistani fashion designers he didn’t opt for bridle wear designing. And my 2nd selected designer Tazeen Hassan says† I design my cu ts with people from real society in mind and not just models†.Her designs are very simple. She sells Pakistani women wear embroidered dresses,bridle dresses, kameez shalwar and lehnga chooli. Although Tazeen hasan is also working good and creating style and designs according to the Pakistani culture but I like Ammar Bellal most. Ammar Bellal's success story is as follow. Ammar Bellal Ammar Belal started his career in 2003 with his street wear brand A B C D, which offered Basic casual wear with a quirky sense of design. [pic] Pakistani fashion designer Ammar Belal is son of khwaja Belal, a textile industry owner.Ammar is a famous Pakistani fashion designer. With in few years he established himself. This Pakistani fashion designer launched his high-end men's wear store. Ammar is doing good work in the field of men's wear. Collections by Ammar Belal Ammar has created many collections. Especially he is doing good work on men's wear. In Pakistan he is the designer who is working on men's wear instead of bridle wear. ABCD casual wear Ammar's previously launched his ABCD casual wear line. This line catch the attention of the many, as many likes it very much.His collection helped him to gather good clientele. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] There is only a slight design factor incorporated in each garment that Ammar's label ABCD produces. Men's wear Ammar's men wear includes †¢ Shoes †¢ Sunglasses †¢ Shirts †¢ Ties and others accessories [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Ammar felt that the local market seeks designs and quality with foreign fashion taste.After realizing these needs and wants of the local market he decided to launch a men's wear store, with high quality and low price. Recent collection of 2010 Recently he launched his â€Å"king of Pop† collection, as the title suggests, inspired by Michael Jackson. More specifically, the â€Å"Thriller† era and subsequent punk rock look complete with zipping and studding detail for both men and women. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] His collection is symbolized through military style embroideries and various silhouettes.His collection ranges from casual and street wear to cocktail dresses and gowns Running Projects Ammar belal is also doing work on many projects including Ammar Belal men's wear, ABCD, AS jeans, Sarah's and ABCD Ethnic. Further he is also planning to make and international corporate empire. Awards His progressive approach t showcasing fashion through music videos and films has earned him various awards that include †¢ Best Emerging Designer (lux 2005) †¢ Best men's wear Designer (Indus 2006) †¢ Best Pret Designer (Sunday 2008) †¢ Best English song (MTV/indus 2006)Apart from fashion designing Ammar has also performed in a film and released a music video. Ammar's opinion about future of fashion industry At PFDE sunsilk fashion week 2010 in Lahore Ammar Belal said, â€Å"I am very excited to be a part of the fashion week in Lahore showcased my wor k with some of the finest designers in our country. I also believe that this is just the beginning of Pakistan's exposure to the international fashion scene. It was the learning experience for us and we as an industry have a long way to go after this initial step†.Ammar is very hopeful about the good future of the Pakistan industry as designers are showing their good talent and creative work. Conclusion I am very hopeful about the best future of Pakistan industry as new and talented designers are coming in this field, and industry has found new horizon on the sky of the fashion. Business of Pakistan fashion industry is going very good, as it ran well in the bad economic condition of international fashion industry.References www. Fashioncentral. com www. bargello. com www. meraforum. com www. scribd. com Fashion Industry Essay question: Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need? In my opinion,the fashion industry do not not exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need. Everybody is free to decide if they want to spend money on fashion or not. First of all, we have to understand: what is fashion industry? With its beginnings in the late 17th century, the fashion industry is a globalized sector that works to meet the demand for apparel and dictates the trends for what should be worn. This industry consists of five distinct and separate levels.These levels are haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear, mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. The production part of the industry, that which takes the concept for a piece of apparel all the way to the hands of those who purchase it, is made up of four basic sectors. These sectors include producers of the goods necessary to make the apparel, those who create t he pieces, those who advertise and market the goods, and those who sell the goods. According to the concept of fashion industry, we realize that the fashion industry based on man’s demand to exist.The demand is higher so the fashion industry is higher too. The market is government by the law of supply and demand. That is why we can not agree with the essay question. In the society, there are many living standards. People who live in or below poverty line they use mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. People who have high living standard they can spend money on haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear whatever they think its suitable with their pocket. Some people look at fashion as another form of artistic expression, and as a way to allow people to express their individuality.Without the fashion industry, we wouldn't have a field of business where first a person can create unique forms of apparel, and then be able to sell them to those who want to do more wit h their clothes than just to protect from weather or prevent public indecency. And the fashion industry is like any other businesses. A business needs sales to stay afloat, so they will do whatever they can to convince a person to buy more, whether that’s through advertisement, or sales promotion. That does not automatically make a business evil. Corruption and greed are what make a business evil.If simply wanting sales made a business evil, why are not businesses in the food industry under hot water? Restaurants try to get people to eat food they really do not need; most people have food at home already. Businesses are businesses. They need to make their profits and earn a living. But that does not mean the sole existence of a business is to just make money. Same goes for businesses in the fashion industry. Not all of it is about spending excess amounts of money on luxury items. Without the fashion industry, we would not have apparel for separate events, like work or a party .We would not have special apparel that make us feel confident and boost our attractiveness. And we would not have a fun way of expressing who we are as individuals, without using words. Furthermore, fashion can help you fit in with everyone. No one wants to follow a person who has a bad sense of fashion. i know that this sounds mean and shallow, but it's true. This is the Real world! Also,when you go to school or work, the right uniform or clothes can make everyone recognise that you belong with them, this helps you fit in easily as well.Finally,Spending money on fashion it totally depends on the person. â€Å"FASHION† is there, to somewhat inspire people to feel and look good. However, we should also control ourselves on what our eyes sees, if you do not have the budget. In conclusion, the fasion industry exists because people need it. Not because it exists to persuade people to buy things that they do not really need. Again this may not be the way we want the world to be, but it is true for the real world. Ps:i would like to get some advices . My essay has many mistakes

Violent relationships. Discuss the impact and possible effects of Essay

Violent relationships. Discuss the impact and possible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer - Essay Example Even in the late 20th century, almost 3.2 million children in America experienced domestic violence annually (Carlson, 1984). This rate has increased further over the years. Children who witness domestic violence are vulnerable to developing different kinds of age-dependent negative influences. Similar psychological effects may be noticed in children who are abused and children who witness abuse being done to someone else. These children may experience a range of such internalized behaviors as depression and anxiety, as well as different kinds of externalized behaviors like bullying, cheating, lying, and fighting. These children are generally noticed to be more disobedient in all sorts of contexts and environments, and accordingly they are likely to experience different kinds of social competence problems. Negative effects of witnessing domestic abuse as a child vary across age span. Children’s need for attachment is disrupted in homes where partners are abused. As infants, these children cry excessively and suffer from different sleeping and eating disorders. As preschool-aged children, they develop different kinds of psychosomatic complaints including abdominal pain and headache. Regressive behaviors such as thumb sucking, sleep disturbance, and enuresis are also observed in these preschool-aged children. Unlike other children who secure a sense of protection and stability from their parents in the preschool years, children who witness domestic abuse do not get these essentials from their parents. These children may feel increased anxiety in strange settings and display behaviors such as crying and whining. Preschool-aged children also experience parasomnias and insomnia. School-aged children show psychosomatic complaints like abdominal pain and headache. They underperform co mpared to other children at school. Because of the negative effect of witnessing domestic abuse on their confidence and self-esteem,

Education Should be privatized as it is a privilege not a right Essay

Education Should be privatized as it is a privilege not a right - Essay Example Firstly, private schools offer quality and good education that meets the students’ needs in the society. Unlike public schools, private schools have developed a personal approach to learning. Through this approach, learners have many benefits in linking education demands and the job market skills. Meryzn & Ursprung (2005) note that the United States public schools have been an example of the economics of education because of poor quality that do not match the financial allocation by the government. The quality of education can be seen in three approaches. One is quality, this is education that is a personalized, economical and able ensures the needs of students. It is an education system that can make sense in objectives and the societal demands. In order to achieve these good goals of education, some scholars have said that privatization of education is a good step that will make good purpose of education. Brown (2013) Education should not be seen as a right, today there are many great business persons and known sportsmen who have made an immense contribution to the economy without necessarily going to schools (Davidsona 2010). According to National Center for Education Statistics Report 2010 it identified many stidents in public schools as a big problem for the quality of education (Espiona & Gonzalez 2013). The report said that, private schools have half of the public school population. Schools and classes are smaller in the private institution leading to personal teaching that touches the classroom activities. The teacher-student ratio is more favorable, mostly they have a numbers of 1:9 that allows economic value of the parents money. Many public both primary and secondary schools have a ratio of 1:19, meaning there is an acute shortage, and the quality of education is quite low (Brown 2013). Public schools continue to have a big number of students that do not learn due to the big numbers as compared to the teachers. These

Information Systems and Processing Controls Assignment

Information Systems and Processing Controls - Assignment Example Moreover, they provide balances and checks that are only spotted on calculation errors in the business books, and the also the mismatched entry of items. According to Tyler (2013) found out that audit software aided the auditor in generating models and simulations that are of help to study the financial approach of the business, and how it can be restructured. In addition, the auditor can also use the model to judge the potential risk that is posed by the current system. The computer-assisted audits lead to increased accuracy of the audit results by reducing the overall time spent on transactions. It also lessens disruption to business activities by reducing the amount of documentation you need to retrieve, thereby saving your time and money. Tyler (2013) asserted that the program audit performed a wide variety of tasks like recalling calculated interest from invoices; analytical procedures; testing the configuration of the operating system; re-performing the calculations that have been done by the accounting systems entity. Subsequent advantages are; there are long-term economies, it reads the actual records, deals with large volumes of transactions. The schedules and reports that have been generated by the computer are more objective and professional thus enhancing communication of data. According to Wavomba (2010) reported that the organization gains assurance regarding the accuracy of the transactional data and the extent to which the business transactions adhere to controls and comply with policies. The consisted use of the automated transaction analysis and continuous monitoring enables real-time independent testing and validation of critical data. To sum up, it improves management of auditing procedures. Integrated test facility package is a quality control responsibility that utilizes, monitors, and controls the dummy test data through existing programs and checks the existence and adequacy of  program data entry controls and processing controls (Koch, 2009).  

Cultural communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural communication - Essay Example iously, the politician was attempting to tap into the cultural code of the working class, less educated sort of people that regularly use the term â€Å"redd up.† Since he was running for local government, he was able to use this very regional term, whereas a politician running for state senate or any higher position wouldn’t dare use this term, especially considering that people outside of this region would have no idea what this term meant. By using this term, the politician was saying, â€Å"hey, look at me, I’m just an ordinary person, not like the typical fancy pants politician that you can’t trust as far as you can throw.† One of my friends told me that he tried very hard to lose his â€Å"eh† that he was used to employ in his speech. His family had just moved from Canada, and one of the first things that the kids in his school noticed was his tendency to end sentences with the word â€Å"eh.† It identified him as an outsider, somebody that did not belong to where he currently was. Being a new comer at a new place was difficult enough for him and he worked very hard on assimilating to the local dialect. Beyond dropping â€Å"eh†, he also worked to reduce the drastically different vowel sounds, he used for words like â€Å"coach.† Especially considering the clique-ish nature of schoolchildren, my friend was trying to fit into the cultural code of his new school and country. The author notices acutely the extent to which his parents struggle with English, when speaking with white people. They seem very strained whenever they have to speak English and hypersensitive to any mistakes they might be making, at least to the five-year-old author. Their inability to speak English fluently places them in a different cultural code form their neighbors. The author has a hard time thinking of Spanish as a language as anything other than what is spoken at home. He refers to it as a â€Å"private† language, a language that is only spoken at home and never in public

Archaeology Research paper, on the evolution, origin of bipedality, Essay

Archaeology Research paper, on the evolution, origin of bipedality, and the different perspectives on it - Essay Example The evolution into bipedality because of climate change and the alterations which have occurred in various regions of the world all provide support which shows that environmental stimulation has also regulated the evolution of men. Environmental Stimuli in Hominids There are several theories which show that the environmental stimulation in an environment also affects the way in which ontogeny, organismal adaptation and spectation occur throughout time. Most of the adaptation which has been noted with evolution is from the ideal that there is a response to the needs of a specific species as well as the requirements to survive within a given region. While the adaptation is noted as a component of evolution, many have disregarded the environmental stimuli and the way in which this has altered the functions and evolutionary changes. The concept of neo-Darwinism is one of the main approaches to this. According to Darwin, all species would respond with evolution by competition within the s pecies and with the need to survive. In the neo-Darwinism thought process, there is a link to the understanding that the physical alterations in a species occur specifically because there is the need to adapt to various elements in the surroundings, such as the environment (Vrba, 1442). While there are several links to physical alterations and dimensions related to why evolution occurs, adaptation to the environment is one of the considerations which has evidence in relation to evolution. This is also known as allopatic speciation, which fragments and segments species into various populations. When looking at these populations, it can be seen that the original homo sapiens were fragmented into one sector of the world. The environmental tables within these regions then included adaptation to components such as food intake, temperature, vegetation cover, light intensity and the climatic and tectonic changes. When a species adapted from one region, also known as the stenobiomic region to a eurybiomic, or across biome region, changes would have to be made in regards to the various elements of the environment. Adaptation to the environment, such as different types of water, responses from the skin because of the light and changing behaviors from the climate then become a part of the natural adaptation process, specifically from the environmental stimulus which has occurred (Vrda, 1446). Evolution Into Bipedality While environmental stimuli shows a direct relationship to the anatomical features of hominids and the potential adaptations which are a part of the evolution. According to the adaptability hypothesis, the evolution of individuals is based on the need to endure environmental fluctuations, specifically as different species began to move into different regions of the world. This is combined with the theory of the turnover hypothesis, which states that the adaptability to different environments occurred over a longer period of time and evolved specifically as the environment began to change. The evidence of this occurs in the African Pliocene which shows fossils as evidence of older species of hominids that are now extinct. The body shape, looks of the species and the physical applications draw evidence to the climate alterations and the functions of the society, such as stone making, which no longer fit into the environment. The timing that leads to the specific evidence of the species relates directly to features that show

SMALL BUSINESS MARKET RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SMALL BUSINESS MARKET RESEARCH - Essay Example This report seeks to carry out a market research for a sole trader in the UK market. The product in contention is ‘Nomido Pizza’. This is a fast food product that will target university students and therefore will be located close to The University of Liverpool so that it serves the students both in and out of campus. With the growing concern about the health of young people, this product will be a pizza, just like the others but clearly made from natural and locally available food items. No additives and chemical combinations in the ingredients. The unique selling proposition (USP) will be â€Å"Delivery within, quality maintained to the natural taste†. This is a product that seeks to take consideration of the health status of young people and therefore there is bound to be a very high profile sales to the students given that they already have this knowledge of health and have dynamic minds subject to change on what they consume. 3.0 Considerable Market Factors 3 .1 Suitability and Risks This is a very suitable enterprise for a sole trader as the factors considered in establishing it constitute a positive trend. The location, raw materials, human resource, market demand, competition, laws, the technology and the expected returns are bound to be good. This venture is suitable for a single business owner because it is economical on all economic and human factors as listed before (Ashton, 2007, p. 21). Having considered the suitability of these factors, it is a viable cause of action as the likeliness that the students will capture health as opposed to quantity and junk is probable. Moreover, as a sole trader, there is always the chance one could get family members to help in the operation as well as employ a few workers to take care of the workload (OECD, 2000, p. 11). This food industry choice can be punctuated by the fact that there is knowledge of catering and hospitality which puts up an advantageous position in the operations of the busin ess. There is however several risks involved in sole trading. McDonald and Hawkins (2012) clearly indicated the sacrifice that should be put into becoming a sole trader. The major risk is the liability risk. Sometimes the operations may be led by over-ambition; this may create liabilities and if there will be inability to service these, personal assets may be taken to cover for this. The heavy burden of decision making is a risk that can never be overlooked. One wrong decision may lead to closure of the business given that the decision will be binding in all situations. Other risks involved could take the form of lacking time off and lack of prestige in the business (Cruz-Cunha & Varajao, 2010, p. 97). 3.2 Target Market Segment A combination of segmentation bases will be at work in this case. The choice of a university environment reflects their prevailing knowledge of the need to change from the current consumption methods to new better methods. The geographic lineation of this seg ment is because it is very populated and therefore the market is concentrated at a place as found out by Emmanuel (2006). Shah (2010) also noted that an urban place where population density is high increases demand for a product. The demography is consistent with the young people whose is that of

What are the Reasons Behind Challenging Behaviour in residential care situations Essay Example for Free

What are the Reasons Behind Challenging Behaviour in residential care situations Essay Residential Care is local authority and privately owned residences within which Looked After Children (LACs) aged thirteen to eighteen reside. Challenging behaviour is a term defined as two main types: disruptive or externalised behaviours which may include some of the following: aggressive behaviour such as fighting, disobedience, tantrums, destruction of property, bullying and attention-seeking; non-disrupting or internalised behaviours including depression and anxiety. Symptoms of the latter include tension, inferiority complexes, unhappiness, feelings of worthlessness, timidity, social isolation and hypersensitivity (Hayden et al. 1999). Within my research I will be focusing upon externalised behaviours, specifically tantrums which are defined as episodes of extreme anger and frustration characterised by crying, screaming, shouting and violent body motions, including throwing things (Encyclopaedia of Children’s Health [online] 2011). My interest in this area stems from placement experience when two young men I worked with were reading an article Breaking the law in and inside in Who Cares Magazine (2010), a publication they receive every month. Within the publication was a letter from a young man of a similar age to them (15-16) and he said he behaved badly because people expected him to and he felt that if people expected him to he might as well live up to this reputation. The young men I worked with agreed with this, which made me think about the reasons behind some of the behaviour they exhibit on a regular basis. Within my placement in residential care the most common form of challenging behaviour I witnessed was tantrums. I feel it is important both for the young person and staff to understand the reasons behind the behaviour; for the young person they will better understand themselves and for staff they will be able to help the child more if they understand the behaviour more and the reasons behind it. Upon examining this concept closer I looked on the Who Cares website to gain more insight and discovered ‘John’s blog’ and a particular entry from October 2010: ‘I wasn’t prepared for the Panorama programme ‘Kids in Care’ The blur quickly fixed itself in the eyes of ‘Connor’, an angry fourteen year old in care. In the short clip, no doubt shown to jack up audience numbers, Connor is shown attacking his social worker’s car and leaving its window smeared with blood (at least I think it was blood). His rage caught me off guard, not out of shock, but more from a forgotten familiarity. I remember that rage and then I remember the vacuum. The hole in my childhood that screamed out to be filled. I often reached for rage. ..’ (John’s Blog, 2010). This research proposal begins with a review of literature around LACs and behaviour and identifies findings and any gaps in the current research. Examining other literature helps to identify any ethical issues or areas of difficulty others have found and able to overcome or avoid these in this proposal. Literature review The research uncovered in order to shape the proposal is dated from 1998 which is thirteen years old the most up to date research I found was from 2010. I will examine this literature in a thematic order. These themes will be used to inform the design of the planned interviews and help me to from questions around particular topics. Life as a looked after child Many of the research projects consider what it is like for the young people to be a Looked After Child (Baldry and Kemmis, 1998; Minty, 1999; Rutter, 2000; Rutter et al. 2000; Munro et al. 2005; McCarthy et al. 2003; Vinnerljung et al. 2006; Clausen and Kristofersen 2008). This was done by looking at daily life, being looked after, contact with family and friends, social workers, planning and reviews, education, and information and knowledge of what is available in the community. Garrett’s (1999) article highlights that those children who are perceived to be at risk of offending or to be threats to the community are also products of the ‘care’ system. Further to this, in The Guardian (1993) a comment that Kenneth Clarke made when he was Home Secretary regarded offending children and young people when he stated that they are ‘persistent nasty little juveniles’. One of the questions I would like to understand from my research is: what is the impact of these type of labels on LACs? Action and Assessment Records Several of the articles examine the use of Action and Assessment Records (AARs) from two different perspectives Garrett (1999) was concerned that the AARs are oppressive and contain powerful sub-texts; for example, what is an ‘appropriate’ youth lifestyle and the effects of this on the LACs? Kufeldt et al. (2003) looked at the children’s health, education, identity, family and social relationships and self-care skills. They felt the use of AARs would help their practice and improve outcomes for LACs. This is a contrasting viewpoint; the expectation seems to be that LACs need to fit into a particular box; it further highlights the concept of labels. Davies and Harrà © (1990) also look at identity: ‘ who one is is always an open question with a shifting answer’ I feel this fits LACs very well and other researchers have stated that having a social identity is important and LACs often do not have a confident grasp of what their identity is and this can have a detrimental effect upon them (Biehal et al. 1995; Ridge and Miller, 2000; Rutter,2000). This research intends to engage with young people in order to find answers to these questions. Families Research by Biehal et al. (1995) found that the birth family remains very important to LACs. Ridge and Miller (2000) did in-depth interviews to explore the importance of social relationships for LACs and what the impact of the care system is on keeping and maintaining these relationships. Rutter (2000) states LACs usually come from families where the parents exhibit diverse psychopathology and multiple parenting problems. Therefore, when working with families and LACs it is important to remember the impact the care system has on LACs maintaining social relationships and what impact families may have had on children prior to coming into the care system. This identifies another area for investigation in this project. Social Exclusion A number of the researchers look at social exclusion that LACs may experience. Ridge and Miller’s (2000) core finding is that LACs lack strong family ties and, due to living in care, experience a high degree of social difference. Their study focused in particular on emotional aspects of social exclusion. McCarthy et al.’s (2003) research assessed the level of social impairment and distress experienced by LACs with behavioural disorders whereas Minty (1999) examines empirical findings of behaviour to assess the extent to which LACs experience emotional, social, behavioural and educational problems. Rutter (2010) comments on Minty’s work: ‘Two implications are immediately evident. First when considering the elevated rate of emotional/behavioural difficulties.it will be necessary to ask whether these derive from the risk factors external to the experience of care or the care experience itself.’ (Rutter, 2010, p.686). Behavioural Problems Behavioural problems seem to be a recurring theme within the above research findings and are the focus of some of them (McCarthy et al. 2003; Munro et al. 2005; Hayden, 2010). Coward (1997) in an article in The Guardian argues that the assumption that when children are left to their own devices they will naturally drift towards offending behaviour. The present research proposes to discover how these assumptions and labels have become prevalent in the present time. Offending Behaviour Hayden and Gough (2010) discuss the introduction of restorative justice in residential settings and the impact this has in counteracting offending behaviour and thereby the above assumptions and labelling. In particular with regard to residential care Munro et al. (2005) state that several of the children interviewed in residential care experienced a culture of delinquent behaviour, bullying, low staff morale and also a lack of empathy displayed by the staff. McCarthy et al. (2003) looked into behavioural problems but only the impact on how this affects the LACs; it does not look at reasons behind challenging behaviour a gap I wish to examine. Improving Outcomes Two studies look into improving the outcomes for LACs and the idea of misconceptions of LACs ((Kufeldt et al. 2003; Hare and Bullock, 2005). These researchers firstly examined how children are looked at within legislation; they do highlight that there have been lots of improvements since the Children Act 1989 but my own interest indicates that this may not be good enough. These researchers further advise cautions in attempting research with LACs, stating that LACs are an ‘administrative sample because they are defined by law’. There is consideration of the difference between ‘movie shot’ samples and ‘snapshot’ samples of participants in that most studies with LACs focus mainly on those who have long-term fixed placements or those that move around frequently. Following this the above study examines retrospective and prospective samples; it examines the rates within which LACs end up in offending institutions to explain the flaws in these types of studies. Many LAC studies rely on retrospective evidence; the major problem with this approach is that it exaggerates links between the past and the present. However, the prospective study hopes to avoid a biased link with leaving care and offending. In my study I want to remove myself from viewing variable factors of a LAC’s experience as fixed such as: they will all come from feckless, neglectful families. Hare and Bullock (2006) warn of the danger of syllogisms which arise when characterising this group of children ‘all a is b, but all b is not a’. Their example is the relationship between children presenting challenging behaviour and placement in residential care. It is also important to remember that it is not only LACs who experience poor outcomes but they are more visible and they highlight the wider problems experienced by all deprived children. With all these considerations in mind Hare and Bullock (2006) used a snapshot sample of three hundred and fifty one LACs which then produced four groups of children with common needs: 1) adolescents who need help to improve their behaviour; 2) children who need protection from risk of neglect in families; 3) children in need of nurture and protection from families with serious health problems; 4) children whose needs arise from a specific problem. They state at the very end that the research does identify a risk to LACs but that it may not lead to improved outcomes or dispel misconceptions of them it may reinforce negative stereotypes. This is possibility that I am aware of and hope to avoid in my own research.

Business versus Environment Essay Example for Free

Business versus Environment Essay Businesses would always want to make more profit but this should be accomplished while also taking into account its social responsibilities. In the long run, there is an aggregate need for business entities to balance between profit and the adverse effects the business causes to the environment in its natural course of operations. Choosing not to consider the social and environmental costs associated with the business will result in less spending for operations but this in turn may affect the survivability of the business entity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many businessmen executives have realized that aggressive environmental programs result in profitability and competitiveness by reducing risks and avoiding additional costs from regulatory compliance programs. Environmental initiatives has its benefits for a business. It acts as morale and productivity boosters for the workers, enhanced brand image, streamline time-to-market and improved relations with regulators and the community. It is now understandable that an understanding of socio-economic, political and cultural processes and structures is necessary to understand environmental problems and in order to establish sustainable development.[1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It cannot be denied that through the course of its operations, business does affect the environment in many ways such as pollution and introduction of new chemical compounds which may prove harmful to people or the environment, genetic engineering and others. How a business affects the environment may be deliberate or accidental but there are also some businesses that improve the quality of the environment.[2]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To cite, all countries are very much dependent on the oil industry and the industry is essential in any kind of economy. It produces huge amounts of profit for oil producing countries while non-oil producing countries have showed dependence on oil because of the need to run vehicles or to fuel industries. But with the production of oil also stems a need to provide funding to numerous environmental concerns that arise with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An oil spill is just one of the risks associated with the oil industries. It is a grave threat to the marine ecosystem and also to the people living near the coastline who depend on the marine resources for their food and income. In an oil spill near the coast of Guimaras Islands in the Philippines, one of the oil tankers of Petron carrying millions of liters of oil sank to the bottom of the sea floor. The incident was the worst oil spill in the country which affected the 40,000 people living on the island who are mostly dependent on the sea. Guimaras Governor Joaquin Nava was frustrated over the absence of commitment from the government sector and Petron to solve the oil spill. Greenpeace on the other hand has much fear that the remaining 1.9 million liters of oil inside the sunken tanker will cause more damage when released into the sea. There was public demand that Petron immediately raise the sunken tanker to prevent more oil spillage or to pump out the remaining oil from its tanks. Relief operations were also needed to compensate for the people of Guimaras Islands because of the loss of livelihood. Greenpeace urged that the local government should hold the oil company liable and that it should be accountable for the long-term rehabilitation of the affected areas including the marine sanctuaries, mangrove areas, reefs and coral ecosystems.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The situation urged Petron to perform its social responsibility for the disaster or it would face charges from environmentalist groups or other consequences such as banning their products or paying fines if proven guilty when the case is brought to the court of law. Taking responsibility for the environmental hazards will even give the company a better image that it cares not only for profit but   also gives importance to its social responsibilities. The business should see that environmental concerns could turn into an instant marketing opportunity.[4] Instead of having bad effects, this could make the people patronize their products and instead of adding more cost, it would add more benefit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental degradation, although the more devastating effect, is not the only concern   brought about by oil spills. Fishermen are the ones that are greatly affected by such disasters because the fish are being killed. Oil spills also results in the ban of catching and selling fish and shellfish from the contaminated area to maintain market confidence and to protect fishing gear. Other industries that rely on seawater in their course of operations are mainly affected by oil spills. These may include hotel and restaurants that rely on tourist trade or water treatment plants.[5]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, Transneft, an oil transporting joint stock company initiated the Baltic Pipeline System project which would would help in securing the safety of the environment through this pipeline system and also add a new transport route for Russian oil which is greatly needed. The system aims to minimize the negative impact of oil on the environment. The project is believed to be one of the most excellent projects in the history of Russia. In an ecological assessment of the construction of the Baltic Pipeline System, it was found out that the project complies with the environmental norms.[6] This action proves that safety measures can be done to ensure environment safety while also taking into account the needs of the economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Companies do affect people the same way that people affect the companies. Almost all countries have been dependent on oil and oil exporting countries have been gaining a lot of income from this. People rely on oil to fuel vehicles, run heavy machinery and others. The escalating prices of oil have urged many countries to find other sources of energy such as biofuels. This somehow reduced the dependence of mankind on oil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A reduced dependency on foreign oil leads to economic problems for the oil producing countries. Low oil prices are good for oil consumers because it means less spending for petroleum products but this has adverse effects on oil producers such as the countries in the Middle East which is reflected in the performance of the economy.[7]  Ã‚   On the other hand, effects of rising oil prices can be seen when the US experienced oil shortages in 1973 and 1979. During these instances, the US reacted harshly and its citizens even get into fights at gasoline stations until an effort to conserve oil was established by the president.[8]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oil companies are expected by the the people to take responsibility for any environmental hazards caused by the company. One example is Shell Oil which has initiated and participated in many environment and social campaigns. However, the company still faces a lot of accusations that it still contributing greatly in the destruction of the environment and its refineries, depots and pipelines threaten human civilization.[9]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A report states that Shell has been overstating its social and environmental performance and despite of adhering to its public commitment which is sustainable development, Shell has been putting the environment in much more trouble.[10] The report shows scenarios from different countries wherein Shell allegedly does not address social and environmental problems caused by faulty pipelines and others instead of going by its adherence to environment safety and sustainable development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Canada, Natural Resources Minister Gary Lunn explains that there should be a balance between the environment and economic growth. He also said that the two are intertwined. He agreed that the solution to address the needs of the environment is balancing the its needs with the needs of the industry. He also emphasized the production of clean energy technology such as tidal energy. Other environment-friendly projects that Canada would pursue are development of clean coal, improvement of biofuel technology and technology that would reduce green house gases emissions and pollution.[11]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Logging is another industry that greatly affects the environment. It is very harmful to the environment especially illegal logging. The loss of many trees result in many adverse effects such as the loss of habitat for many special of mammals, birds and other animals. It also contributes to global warming and other natural disaster such as flash floods and land slides.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Philippines, illegal logging was a major factor in the loss of lives due to flash floods and even land slides during the rainy season particularly in the provinces of Quezon, Nueva Ecija and Aurora. Government hydrologist Richard Orendain said that it may be hard to determine whether floods may be attributed to illegal logging or just because of heavy rainfall although it is safe to assume that illegal logging has in   a way contributed to the natural disasters while Vice President Noli de Castro directly blamed illegal for floods and other past cases of flash floods and land slides.[12]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Indonesia, many people rely on the forests for their source of livelihood. According to Edward Pollard from the Galung Palung National Park, illegal logging is the major industry in the region. It is the main source of income for many citizens. However, despite economic gains from timber companies, the entire community does not receive much benefit with the diminishing resource. Illegal loggers constitute to a large decrease in forest resources and no taxes are being paid to fund development projects for the citizens. People who work as loggers usually come from poor families and logging is not a permanent and a stable source of income and with the rate of the depletion of the forest resources, people will have to find other sources of income in the future.[13]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indonesia has been plagued by illegal logging particularly caused by poverty and corruption. The exploitation of the natural resources was a vital factor in the economic development of the region but the government does not reap all the gains because of illegal loggers that contribute greatly to the depletion of natural resources but do not pay the necessary taxes which could have been used to fund various environmental problems.[14]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Loggers should be responsible enough to aid environment because this is where they get their income. The rapid loss of forest resources which contributes greatly to global warming and loss of biodiversity would also affect the loggers. Instead of clear logging in which all the trees are being cut down in an area, loggers can resort to selective logging   which is much less harmful and would give the forest time to recuperate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the end, there is a strong need for businesses to balance between their income and social and environmental responsibilities. It may not seem beneficial and actually results in more spending for the company. However, taking to account the social and environmental responsibilities of the business would prove beneficial in the long course of business operations. Just like in the logging business, taking aggregate measures to avoid total destruction of forest resources will ascertain that the business will not run out of available resources. Likewise, oil production, which is associated with many adverse effects to the environment, may still choose to have an environment-friendly image which could boost its marketing drive. These additional costs should not be considered as expenses but rather as investments. Bibliography Al Marashi, Habiba, Business vs. Environment, March 19, 2002, Retrieved   23 March 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.dqg.org/qcentral/dqg_events/seminars/mar02/business.asp Petron oil spill affected 40,000 people says Governor, InfoShop News, 2006 Retrieved 23 March 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=2006082101433380 Economic Impacts, The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited, 2007, Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   March 23, 2006, from http://www.itopf.com/marine%2Dspills/effects/economic%2Dimpacts/ Baltic Pipeline System, Transneft, 2002, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.transneft.ru/Ecolog/Default.asp?LANG=ENID=219 Koepp, Stephen, Oil Prices, April 1986, Time Magazine,   Retrieved 23 March 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961087-1,00.html Refinery Reform/Global Community Monitor/Friends of the Earth, Behind the shine the real impacts of Shells work around the world, June 23, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.refineryreform.org/PR_062304.html Behind the shine: The other Shell Report 2003, 2003, p.2, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.refineryreform.org/downloads/shellreport_behindtheshine.pdf Barlow, John, Tories want balance in environment and economy, June 30, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 44,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.westernwheel.com/070606/news-tories%20want   Ã‚  Ã‚   %20balance.htm Terra Daily, Illegal logging a major factor in flood devastation of Philippines, December 1, 2004,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.terradaily.com/2004/041201072557.jj82upor.html The Timber Mafia, Consequences of Illegal Logging: Environmental Implications,2002, Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   24 March 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2002/timber_mafia/resources/ [1]  Ã‚   Al Marashi, Habiba, Business vs. Environment, March 19, 2002, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.dqg.org/qcentral/dqg_events/seminars/mar02/business.asp [2]  Ã‚   Al Marashi [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Petron oil spill affected 40,000 people says Governor, InfoShop News, 2006, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=2006082101433380 [4]  Ã‚   Al Marashi [5]  Ã‚   Economic Impacts, The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited, 2007, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.itopf.com/marine%2Dspills/effects/economic%2Dimpacts/ [6]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Baltic Pipeline System, Transneft, 2002, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.transneft.ru/Ecolog/Default.asp?LANG=ENID=219 [7]  Ã‚   Koepp, Stephen, Oil Prices, April 1986, Time Magazine,   Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961087-1,00.html [8]  Ã‚   Koepp [9]  Ã‚   Refinery Reform/Global Community Monitor/Friends of the Earth, Behind the shine the real impacts of Shells work around the world, June 23, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/PR_062304.html [10] Behind the shine: The other Shell Report 2003, 2003, p.2, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/downloads/shellreport_behindtheshine.pdf [11] Barlow, John, Tories want balance in environment and economy, June 30, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 44, Retrieved 23 March 2008 from http://www.westernwheel.com/070606/news-tories%20want%20balance.htm [12] Terra Daily, Illegal logging a major factor in flood devastation of Philippines, December 1, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008 from http://www.terradaily.com/2004/041201072557.jj82upor.html [13] The Timber Mafia, Consequences of Illegal Logging: Environmental Implications,2002, Retrieved 24 March 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2002/timber_mafia/resources/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   resources_consequences1.htm [14] The Timber Mafia